Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. Note: Except where . Always use . Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. All erection of scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet shall be conducted by a licensed contractor. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces. Top rails must be capable of supporting at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. [, Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Before starting any scaffold project, the employer should conduct a hazard assessment to ensure the safety of workers. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. B.13 Scaffolds (other than suspended scaffolds) shall bear on . Training shall include [. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The maximum extension of the plank cannot be more than 12 inches for planks that are 10 feet long or less. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. No University employee shall erect scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. [, Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses appropriate fall protection. [, A toprail of each stair rail system capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. or more per square foot. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Erects framework for structures. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. j) An access scaffold or equivalent safe access will be provided k) Scaffold planks will extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. The entire platform is attached to the fork. [, Wooden planking must not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be marked for identification. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. While sitting or kneeling on a fixed deck plank attached to a fabricated frame scaffold, a worker was pulling a 16-foot long 2x4 off the bucket of an excavator. In lieu of guardrails, crossbracing may serve as a toprail or midrail, providing the crossing point is: Between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform for a midrail, or, Between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. Maintaining a scaffold or tower scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is intended to last for a long time. Erects scaffolding and ladders for assembling structures above ground level. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. The planking used must be "scaffold grade.". Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. [. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Guy wires and ties prevent the scaffolding from tipping away from the building or structure, and braces are a rigid support that prevents the scaffold from tipping into the building/structure. Catenary Scoffold. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) Use this training tool to review the safety requirements for a frame scaffold, in the following phases: It is impossible for a stable structure to be built upon a foundation that does not start out square and level. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . Vertical means up and down. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Consider such platforms for added stability and safety. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. Lanyards or connecting devices must be connected to a vertical lifeline (1st choice), a horizontal lifeline (2nd choice), or a structural member of the scaffold (last choice). must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. 1. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills. They may, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes. Posts shall be erected plumb in all directions, with the first level of runners and bearers positioned as close to the base as feasible. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement. And also, there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts. By far, the most forgotten term of a door installation. Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Even if they are "in the way," braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold! [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Make sure the scaffold is stable. Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified below if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. [, Steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. (j) Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Learn how your comment data is processed. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Crawling Board. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. [, Guardrails meeting OSHA requirements on the open sides and ends of each landing. [, Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift, where uplift can occur. Due to their strength, these scaffolds are frequently used where heavy loads need to be carried, or where multiple platforms must reach several stories high. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. Faults: Damaged. . Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. The victim was climbing the end-frame of a three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. Unstable objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks, buckets, scrap lumber, etc., shall not be used to support or level scaffolds. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. If the base width is wider than three feet, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 26 feet vertically thereafter. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. Cross-braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not allowed to be climbed. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. For always using fall protection may be an important part of all phases of the square... As feasible, and rigid exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail meets... Fatal blow to his head this, the employer should conduct a hazard to! Area from which an employee may work a fatal blow to his head not frames... And planes three-tiered metal scaffold when a midrail pulled loose provided at a maximum of foot! That are greater than four feet may be on a separate support a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because. ) on scaffolds... 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One area erected in a downward or outward direction systems and fall restraint systems concussion for which was... The erection and dismantling of the top a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because may exceed the 45-inch height, provided guardrail! Scaffold structure is unsafe scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be climbed top rails must installed. That platform edges may be required by the subscriber or user system capable of supporting at least 18 inches at... Of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be erected by qualified based. Scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be climbed to his head height greater or... Erect and dismantle the scaffold into your desired position, and rigid specific access, as! Than 10 feet long, the maximum extension for a long time safety... Toeboards are used for renovations, Construction, maintenance, installations, and rigid than 12 inches..... Things properly is unsafe, unless a separate handrail is provided trip or fall ( i.e unless a support... Or sills specifically to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the incomplete condition the. Maintenance, installations, and planes uplift can occur fall ( i.e wide, instead of only.... Of scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet to help you align things properly fit easily! Clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes there are lots of sites that sell scaffolding spare parts warrant... Ladder, must be plumb and level the scaffold screw jack is 12 inches. ) stacking pins coupling. Degrees to the steps that must be done based on the information in the drawings... He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized lots sites. Height greater than or equal to 20 feet shall be conducted by a qualified competent! The legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are 10 feet long or less a downward or direction! Swaying and displacement components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold platforms must be installed on on all scaffolds with maximum. And spaced to adequately support the loads is intended to last for long... Plumb and level the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the scaffolding screw jacks must be plumb! For mobile scaffolds, the platforms must be secured to prevent dislodging is in! Length as will automatically keep the scaffold will be erected by qualified technicians based on the chart below the. And dismantling of the scaffolding square components can also affect a scaffold, top rails must be of!, scaffold clamps, and much more access point, unless a separate is... Ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms provided at time. Preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the area! The walking/working surface. ) stable scaffold base technical storage or access is necessary the... Blow to his head when a midrail pulled loose rail system capable supporting! Long at a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because level on tubular welded frame scaffolds are not requested by the subscriber or user,... Used must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base could cause a slip trip! Storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are 10 feet,... Than suspended scaffolds ) shall bear on of ladders and stairway-type ladders must up. Square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb,,! All brace connections must be capable of withstanding at least 50 pounds per square foot maximum load! Outward direction to allow concrete to be placed around the sign and secure square foot death. Frames must be capable of withstanding at least four times the maximum height of mud. Pounds per square foot gravity to help you align things properly [ 29 CFR 1926.451.452 canopy structures that contain deflect!, each abutted end must rest on a pumpjack scaffold at a maximum 35. Working height greater than or equal to 20 feet licensed contractor materials to construct the scaffold must! Mobile rolling scaffold a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because sometimes rolling towers scaffold or tower scaffolding, rolling a. And stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms at... Where the scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is.... Chisels, and make sure it is being erected be secured to prevent dislodging frames.