gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. B. Our greatest trouble has always been caused by extremists who, without shadow of authority, attempted to voice the sentiments of this Order; and from this day forward I am determined that no sniveling anarchist will speak for me, and if he attempts it under shadow of this organization, then he or I must leave the Order, for I will not attempt to guide the affairs of a society that is so lacking in manhood as to allow the very worst element of the community to make use of the prestige it has gained to promote the vilest of schemes against society. Harris, whose mother immigrated to the United States from India and whose father immigrated from Jamaica, was the first person of African or Asian descent to become a major partys vice presidential candidateand the first to win the office. In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion. Later, SNCC would mount an organized resistance to the Vietnam War. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. By 1900, the unwritten color line barring Black players from white teams in professional baseball was strictly enforced. I was wrong about 5. . Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work What factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? Maybe I shall find them among the dead. As the 19th century came to an end and segregation took ever stronger hold in the South, many African Americans saw self-improvement, especially through education, as the single greatest opportunity to escape the indignities they suffered. The early abolition movement in North America was fueled both by enslaved people's efforts to liberate themselves and by groups of white settlers, such as the Quakers, who opposed slavery on religious or moral grounds. To satisfy the labor needs of the rapidly growing North American colonies, white European settlers turned in the early 17th century from indentured servants (mostly poorer Europeans) to a cheaper, more plentiful labor source: enslaved Africans. What best accounts for the number of southern votes cast for Johnson's impeachment? We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . Over the next two days, the remnants of the 7th Cavalry fought for their lives as they waited in vain for Custer to relieve them. As its members faced increased violence, SNCC became more militant, and by the late 1960s it was advocating the Black Power philosophy of Stokely Carmichael (SNCCs chairman from 196667) and his successor, H. Rap Brown. The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops, Some American Indian people on the Great Plains lived in buildings like those shown here because. It allowed any man to vote if he had an ancestor who could vote in 1867. . Many western territories began to apply for statehood between the 1860s and 1900. Although the Supreme Court declared segregation of public schools illegal in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the decision was extremely difficult to enforce, as 11 southern states enacted resolutions interfering with, nullifying or protesting school desegregation. Why would the loss of farms make it especially difficult for the Southern economy to recover? Caught on videotape by an onlooker and broadcast around the world, the beating inspired widespread outrage in the citys African American community, who had long condemned the racial profiling and abuse its members suffered at the hands of the police force. Many were recent immigrants. At the end of World War II, African Americans were poised to make far-reaching demands to end racism. Those effortsincluding a nationwide protest of D.W. Griffiths silent film Birth of a Nation (1915), which glorified white supremacy and the Ku Klux Klanwould continue into the 1920s, playing a crucial role in drastically reducing the number of lynchings carried out in the United States. The group, which eventually numbered around 75 Black people, killed some 60 white people in two days before armed resistance from local white people and the arrival of state militia forces overwhelmed them just outside Jerusalem. 2. D. The laws required that, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. Hunters could chase herds to hunt individual buffalo. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. The ILGWU was notable because it was. After studying at Harvard Law School and practicing constitutional law in Chicago, he began his political career in 1996 in the Illinois State Senate and in 2004 announced his candidacy for a newly vacant seat in the U.S. Senate. A)boarded trains for the West. Born on a small plantation in Southampton County, Virginia, Turner inherited a passionate hatred of slavery from his Africanborn mother and came to see himself as anointed by God to lead his people out of bondage. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. Along with the Civil Rights Act of the previous year, the Voting Rights Act was one of the most expansive pieces of civil rights legislation in American history, and it greatly reduced the disparity between Black and white voters in the U.S. 2,000 10,000 200,000 *** 1 million 2. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? How is Judith Templeton depicted? After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map 4 The southern pacific railroad contributed to the growth of cities like San Francisco and los Angeles What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech? Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? When once we encourage such a system, it is equivalent to admitting our incompetency [inability] for self-government and our inability to seek better conditions. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). The Southern economy was largely based on agriculture. In Mississippi alone, the percentage of eligible Black voters registered to vote increased from 5 percent in 1960 to nearly 60 percent in 1968. C) In the, states could limit voting rights in elections more African Americans could go to school segregation kept the races apart or separate sharecropping helped poor blacks own land, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. On May 18, 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its verdict in Plessy v. Ferguson, a case that represented the first major test of the meaning of the 14th Amendments provision of full and equal citizenship to African Americans. Oliver Brown, the lead plaintiff in the case, was one of almost 200 people from five different states who had joined related NAACP cases brought before the Supreme Court since 1938. As the growth of the cotton industry led inexorably to an increased demand for enslaved Africans, the prospect of slave rebellionsuch as the one that triumphed in Haiti in 1791drove slaveholders to make increased efforts to prevent a similar event from happening in the South. 4. How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation? King himself led another attempt on March 9, but turned the marchers around when state troopers again blocked the road; that night, a group of segregationists fatally beat a protester, the young white minister James Reeb. Du Bois, became a leading voice in the growing Black protest movement during the first half of the 20th century. On November 13, 1956, in Browder v. Gayle, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a lower courts decision declaring the bus companys segregation seating policy unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Around the same time, the mechanization of spinning and weaving had revolutionized the textile industry in England, and the demand for American cotton soon became insatiable. c. White males who, A. -George Eastman Yes. What industry's decline would hurt the southern economy the most? Don Hogan Charles/New York Times Co./Getty Images. Custer found Sitting Bull encamped [based] on the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? READ MORE: How a New Deal Housing Program Enforced Segregation. C.Emancipation Proclamation Some 100 enslaved people, including innocent bystanders, lost their lives in the struggle. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. First established in Chicago, the NAACP had expanded to more than 400 locations by 1921. From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. B.in the entire US In its early years, CORE staged a sit-in at a Chicago coffee shop (a precursor to the successful sit-in movement of 1960) and organized a Journey of Reconciliation, in which a group of Black and white activists rode together on a bus through the upper South in 1947, a year after the U.S. Supreme Court banned segregation in interstate bus travel. successful at negotiating for shorter hours. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. In a televised ceremony on July 2, 1964, Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into law using 75 pens; he presented one of them to King, who counted it among his most prized possessions. The ILGWU was notable because it was. After the bill passed the Senate by an exceedingly narrow margin in early April, it was thought that the increasingly conservative House of Representatives, wary of the growing strength and militancy of the Black Power movement, would weaken it considerably. They continued to work long hours for low pay. The product of an interracial marriagehis father grew up in a small village in Kenya, his mother in KansasObama grew up in Hawaii but discovered his civic calling in Chicago, where he worked for several years as a community organizer on the citys largely Black South Side. the defeat of American Indian peoples by United States troops. Bush. In what way did the nation's growing transportation system help promote economic growth? The Black Lives Matter movement gained renewed attention on September 25, 2016, when San Francisco 49ers players Eric Reid, Eli Harold, and quarterback Colin Kaepernick kneeled during the national anthem before the game against the Seattle Seahawks to draw attention to recent acts of police brutality. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Which change led to the end of open ranching in the west? Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. to ensure a complex business ran smoothly. He was a leading voice for Black Americans during the early 1980s, urging them to be more politically active and heading up a voter registration drive that led to the election of Harold Washington as the first Black mayor of Chicago in 1983. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Garveys boast of 6 million followers in 1923 was probably exaggerated, but even his critics admitted that the UNIA had some 500,000 members. I meant B for #1. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. Milamdragged Till from his great uncles house in the middle of the night. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefoldfrom 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. In 1952, the former Malcolm Little was released from prison after serving six years on a robbery charge; while incarcerated, he had joined the Nation of Islam (NOI, commonly known as the Black Muslims), given up drinking and drugs and replaced his surname with an X to signify his rejection of his slave name. There on the sidewalk ______the photographers. C. The laws provided African Americans with voting rights. High out-of-wedlock birth rates, absent fathers, and the lack of a family support network for many young African-Americans have led to serious problems in America's urban areas. A.Antietam In the 1920s, the great migration of Black Americans from the rural South to the urban North sparked an African American cultural renaissance that took its name from the New York City neighborhood of Harlem but became a widespread movement in cities throughout the North and West. As Reconstruction drew to a close and the forces of white supremacy regained control from carpetbaggers (northerners who moved South) and freed Black people, Southern state legislatures began enacting the first segregation laws, known as the Jim Crow laws. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Children and members of the Black Panthers give the Black Power salute outside of their "liberation school" in San Francisco, California in 1969. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Which innovation does the photograph illustrate? -Andrew Carnegie, 1889 To capitalize on the sit-in movements increasing momentum, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was founded in Raleigh, North Carolina in April 1960. On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its verdict in Brown v. Board of Education, ruling unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendments mandate of equal protection of the laws of the U.S. Constitution to any person within its jurisdiction. B. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Despite Martin Luther King Jr.s inspiring words at the Lincoln Memorial during the historic March on Washington in August 1963, violence against Black people in the segregated South continued to indicate the strength of white resistance to the ideals of justice and racial harmony King espoused. What is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals? working to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate? A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. In Arkansas, Governor Orval Faubus made resistance to desegregation a central part of his successful 1956 reelection campaign. The decision was also difficult to enforce, a fact that became increasingly clear in May 1955 when the Court remanded the case to the courts of origin due to their proximity to local conditions and urged a prompt and reasonable start toward full compliance. Though some southern schools moved towards integration relatively without incident, in other casesnotably in Arkansas and Alabamaenforcing Brown would require federal intervention. The laws gave African Americans land for farms. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. His trial brought national attention to the organization, which at its peak in the late 1960s boasted some 2,000 members. . Library of Congress Instead, he urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression by any means necessary. Mounting tensions between Malcolm and NOI founder Elijah Muhammad led Malcolm to form his own mosque in 1964. Kings improvised sermon continued for nine minutes after the end of his prepared remarks, and his stirring words would be remembered as undoubtedly one of the greatest speeches in American history. B.14th Amendment Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. I had decided that I would have to know once and for all what rights I had as a human being and a citizen.. A wave of race riotsparticularly one in Springfield, Illinois in 1908lent a sense of urgency to the Niagara Movement and its supporters, who in 1909 joined their agenda with that of a new permanent civil rights organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). What negative impact did gold and silver mining have in the West? As president of Alabamas Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, Washington urged Black Americans to acquire the kind of industrial or vocational training (such as farming, mechanics and domestic service) that would give them the necessary skills to carve out a niche for themselves in the U.S. economy. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was an enslaved person and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. By the end of the 1950s, African Americans had begun to be admitted in small numbers to white colleges and universities in the South without too much incident. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. Birmingham had become a leading focus of the civil rights movement by the spring of 1963 when Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested there while leading supporters of his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in a nonviolent campaign of demonstrations against segregation. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. The other was to take the whole art of photography and starting with perfecting dry plates, set out to make the camera as easy a recorder as the pencil. How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? (Credit: Francis Miller/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images), Francis Miller / The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images. By the early 1970s, the advances of the civil rights movement had combined with the rise of the feminist movement to create an African American womens movement. C.angrily Though many protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, their actions made an immediate impact, forcing Woolworthsamong other establishmentsto change their segregationist policies. READ MORE:Voting Rights in the United States: Timeline. What factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile? Mildred and Richard Loving were one of the first interracial couples legally married in the United States and their union marked a pivotal moment in marriage rights for mixed-race families. B. African American students are more likely to be placed in a separate school or correctional, established in March 1863 established in April 1862 applied to white men aged 20 to 45 applied to white men aged 18 to 35 (later expanded to men aged 17 to 50) avoidable by paying the, 1. Police cars were set on fire and officers released tear gas to disperse crowds. . Which of the following MOST helped railroads improve their efficiency? Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. But unlike their white counterparts, they werent just fighting for the colony's independence, or to maintain British control. African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. Learn more about the Emancipation Proclamation at brainly.com/question/27244875 #SPJ1 On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States; he is the first African American to hold that office. By 1877, when the last federal soldiers left the South and Reconstruction drew to a close, Black Americans had seen dishearteningly little improvement in their economic and social status, and what political gains they had made had been wiped away by the vigorous efforts of white supremacist forces throughout the region. The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. The nine Black students entered the school under heavily armed guard, marking the first time since Reconstruction that federal troops had provided protection for Black Americans against racial violence. In the wake of the Bakke verdict, affirmative action continued to be a controversial and divisive issue, with a growing opposition movement claiming that the so-called racial playing field was now equal and that African Americans no longer needed special consideration to overcome their disadvantages. While much of the South rejoiced, seeing the verdict as a clear victory, antislavery northerners were furious. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. Alabamas governor, George Wallace, was a notorious opponent of desegregation, and the local county sheriff had led a steadfast opposition to Black voter registration drives: Only 2 percent of Selmas eligible Black voters had managed to register. Despite the efforts of the ILGWU and other labor groups, most women with factory jobs did not join unions. Many scholars consider it as two waves, between 1916 and 1930, and from 1940 . As a young man, Jesse Jackson left his studies at the Chicago Theological Seminary to join Martin Luther King Jr.s Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in its crusade for Black civil rights in the South; when King was assassinated in Memphis in April 1968, Jackson was at his side. They increased the personal freedoms of enslaved African Americans. The railroads provided jobs for settlers. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, as more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various read more. On April 4, 1968, the world was stunned and saddened by the news that the civil rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King Jr. had been shot and killed on the balcony of a motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had gone to support a sanitation workers strike. Here's a look at some of read more, American Revolution During the American Revolution, thousands of Black Americans foughton both sides of the conflict. 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