Eugene Kay Street, Robert F. Breimann, Jr., Street, Street, Street, Scott & Bowman, for appellees. Even the courts have confronted this well-known economic perception and its legal or social overtones. Kush v. Rutledge,460 U.S. 719, 103 S. Ct. 1483, 74 L. Ed. Bernard F. McMeel. [{'tag': 'Alabama'}, {'tag': 'Arizona'}, {'tag': 'Aspen Education Group'}, {'tag': 'Brush Ranch School'}, {'tag': 'CEDU'}, {'tag': 'California'}, {'tag': 'Cascade School'}, {'tag': 'Crater Lake School'}, {'tag': 'Elevations RTC'}, {'tag': 'Georgia'}, {'tag': 'Hidden Lake Academy'}, {'tag': 'Island View'}, {'tag': 'Maryland'}, {'tag': 'Mission Mountain School'}, {'tag': 'Montana'}, {'tag': 'Montana Academy'}, {'tag': 'NATSAP'}, {'tag': 'New Mexico'}, {'tag': 'Oregon'}, {'tag': 'Ridge Creek School'}, {'tag': 'Spring Ridge Academy'}, {'tag': 'Three Springs'}, {'tag': 'Utah'}], At Some Youth Treatment Facilities, Tough Love Takes Brutal Forms, [{'tag': 'Jamaica'}, {'tag': 'Jay Kay'}, {'tag': 'Mission Mountain School'}, {'tag': 'Montana'}, {'tag': 'Randall Hinton'}, {'tag': 'Ron Garrett'}, {'tag': 'Tranquility Bay'}, {'tag': 'WWASP'}], [{'tag': 'Mission Mountain School'}, {'tag': 'Montana'}], [{'tag': 'Explorations Montana'}, {'tag': 'Mission Mountain School'}, {'tag': 'Montana'}], Jacqueline at Mission Mountain School and SUWS, [{'tag': 'Mission Mountain School'}, {'tag': 'Montana'}, {'tag': 'North Carolina'}, {'tag': 'Phoenix Outdoor'}, {'tag': 'SUWS of the Carolinas, Inc'}], Aileen Chu at Mission Mountain School (From: Youthrights.org), Kerry Keenan at Mission Mountain School (From:youthrights.org), AB from Mission Mountain School and Outback.pdf, Statement by Kathryn Whitehead, Former Student at Mission Mountain School, Montana. However, years of misuse and weather damage left most of Intermountain beyond repair. This kind of hindsight logic could discourage all but the most airtight claims, for seldom can a prospective plaintiff be sure of ultimate success. denied,454 U.S. 1110, 102 S. Ct. 687, 70 L. Ed. 2,096 were here. On January 26, 1974, James M. Swiney appeared before Carl Boyd, a justice of the peace of Buchanan County, Virginia, and under oath, accused the plaintiff Bloch of abducting Robert Watts, an infant of the age of thirteen years, from The Mountain Mission School, Grundy, Virginia. at 274; Askew v. Bloemker, 548 F.2d at 678. Rev. This holding left only Bloch's claims under the first half of Sec. They are consistently reported across varying states, residential placement types, facility specializations, and even across decades. Students at Mountain Mission School are getting back to normal- a day after the boy's dormitory caught fire Tuesday night.The residential Christian school is home to students from all over the world. Sutherland,Dr., Fred Short, Herman T. Wells, Clarence Greenleaf, Rev.,Sylvia Raines, B.D. Finally, in support of a motion to amend his complaint to add a claim that defendant Swiney had promised to drop assault charges against former student Harold Sykes in return for Sykes' promise not to testify against the school in the instant litigation, Bloch submitted an affidavit from Sykes to the effect that Swiney had tried to intimidate him from testifying about child abuse at the school. See Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 (1978). It operated from October 1, 1990, to August 16, 2008. The authors note various groups which have been recognized as classes for the purposes of 1985(3), such as: members of a political organization (Bellamy v. Mason's Stores, Inc.,368 F. Supp. To avoid a chilling effect upon plaintiffs seeking to vindicate their civil rights, the Supreme Court, in addition to establishing more stringent criteria for fee awards to defendants, has cautioned: In applying these criteria, it is important that a district court resist the understandable temptation to engage in post hoc reasoning by concluding that, because a plaintiff did not ultimately prevail, his action must have been unreasonable or without foundation. Oct. 18, 1982) (unpublished). People enjoy the Leave No Trace atmosphere as they walk along litter-free trails, watch wildlife that has not been tamed by food handouts from people, and challenge each other on who can hang a better bear bag. 1025 (E.D.Va. United Brotherhood of Carpenters v. Scott, ___ U.S. at ___, 103 S. Ct. at 3660. Nestled in the Heart of Appalachia, Mountain Mission School provides a Christ-centered home, first-rate education, and loving family to thousands of at-risk children from all corners of the globe. For more information contact: Jennifer Marsh, vice president, Bedford County Development Association; Mike O'Dellick, administrative director, Bedford County Technical Center. (Footnotes omitted). Housed within Mission Children's Hospital since 2016, the organization provides vital crisis intervention services to victims, a comprehensive abuse education and . Sec. Had Bloch ultimately been permitted to proceed on a legal theory that animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement of Sec. Mission is to better treat the unseen wounds of war (PTSD, mild traumatic brain injury, and their comorbidities). 351, 366 n. 6, 385-386 (D.N.J.1983) (a claim of discrimination against the plaintiff's husband, a German immigrant, does not fall within the class of victims of "historically pervasive discrimination"); Betlyon v. Shy,573 F. Supp. Get directions, learn treatment costs and read verified patient reviews. Because direct proof of the conspiracy often rests exclusively with defendants, a plaintiff may be forced to rely on inference and circumstance to establish the existence, nature, and extent of a conspiracy. (Emphasis added). 1985. Sec. 1985(3) and the second half of Sec. The court now turns its attention to the legal and factual issues presented by these motions for summary judgment. Oct 24, 2014 Oct 24, 2014 Updated Apr 14, 2016; 0; Facebook; Twitter; Bloch's naming as defendants persons involved in the kidnapping charges is a logical consequence of the nature of his claims and does not establish that he brought the claims in bad faith merely to harass or oppress. 1985(2). [6] See generally Joseph G. Cook and John L. Sobieski, Jr., Civil Rights Actions 13.09[A] (1983) for a detailed discussion of the term "class-based animus". [1] On that date, the school graduated its last class and ceased operation, announcing that its founders would be on sabbatical. Seen 'n Heard - Dec, 1996 Issue (page 3). This case has been the subject of extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits. The only "class" that the plaintiffs in the instant case suggest as a possible target of the defendants' conspiracy is one composed, broadly, of "[a]ny person (but particularly a minor or infant) who has lost both (or, sometimes, one) of his or her parents." [7] An illustration of an improper argument, made in an action for an employee's death, is: "that if the statement of one of the defendant's witnesses was false he was worse than a highway robber because he would filch from the widow and orphan children their support and education, and that the children were turned out upon the cold charities of a merciless world, and that it was for the jury to say how much they should have." Annie Malones Residential Treatment Facility, Makana Leadership Academy/Makana Outreach, Sequel Pomegranate/Torii Behavioral Health, Grace Christian Home and Academy for Girls, Love Demonstrated Ministries Christian Boot Camp, Teen Challenge (AK, DC, FL, GA, LA, NJ, WI, Intl), Thanks to Calvary Baptist Boarding Academy, Timber Ridge Preparatory School for Girls. Photo via Wikimedia Commons. Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, 422 (1978); see Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5 (1980) (per curiam) (applying Christiansburg standard to cases arising under Sec. We get multiple requests each week from concerned parents and guardians asking for a list of good choice programs to send their children. Furthermore, their status as orphans (which may be analogous to the status of illegitimate children or children of divorced parents) does not in itself deprive them of the protection of the laws. 27.[7]. In a decision dated October 18, 1982, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, 692 F.2d 752, dismissed all of the complaints of the plaintiffs except that the court stated "[g]iven that pro se pleadings must be read liberally, we think that the plaintiffs must be afforded the opportunity to decide a claim under both halves of Section 1985(2) and under Section 1985(3) on remand in the District Court.". Second, even if one assumed arguendo that orphans should constitute a class, animus directed against them would be motivated by an economic status rather than by a political or racial status:[3] The United States Supreme Court recently held, however, that " 1985(3) [does not] reach conspiracies motivated by economic or commercial animus." [15] 77 Am.Jur.2d Veterans 165 (1975, Supp. The workday was busy and the employees got along well together. According to this attorney, Judge Persin told him that if Bloch had anything to do with the suit Judge Persin would make sure that his probation was revoked and that he was sent to jail. Nor does the record support the district court's finding that Bloch brought this action solely to harass those involved in his prosecution for kidnapping. Program Map 1983). A brief analysis of each ground on which the court bases its decision follows. As the buildings were demolished, several private developers found remnants of Intermountain school life and donated these pieces of history to the Brigham City Museum of Art & History. Under 42 U.S.C. Your partnership has been an invaluable source to us, and we sincerely thank you for helping us carry our work forward as we rescue children, raise leaders and reach nations for Christ. Judge Persin then threatened Dotson with reform school if he testified against Mountain Mission School in any of the litigation then pending against the school or in the kidnapping case then pending against Bloch. In the 1980s and '90s, after the school closed, two former staff members pleaded guilty to charges of sexual abuse of students - incidents that occurred in the 1950s and '60s, according to the . Try 7 Days Free to get access to 836 million+ pages, Search the Largest Online Newspaper Archive. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. It operated from October 1, 1990 to August 16, 2008. By Ella Nilsen Sentinel Staff. The nearly routine award of attorney's fees to prevailing plaintiffs is intended to ensure effective access to the judicial process for persons with civil rights grievances. Mission Mountain School is within the scope of WikiProject Disability. Their nature being an economic one, the legal issues of these various areas served *591 as the determinative factors or indicators on which this court bases its decision: Orphans constitute an economic class. Classification ( NTEE ) Primary, Elementary Schools (Educational Institutions and Related Activities) Nonprofit Tax Code Designation: 501 (c) (3) Defined as: Organizations for any of the following purposes: religious, educational, charitable . The information came from a file in the Special Collections . Another former student, Perry Parsons, stated in deposition that he had testified falsely in court that Bloch had molested him because the Swineys had told him to give this testimony. This website uses cookies and third party services. (Citation omitted). 1985(2). Lacking other evidence of congressional intention, we follow the same course here. Nearest high-performing. Coordinates . Contributions to Unsilenced are tax-deductible to the fullest extent of the law. Mission High School is the district's . Daniel F. BLOCH, Plaintiff-Appellant,andJohnny J. Dotson, Plaintiff,v.MOUNTAIN MISSION SCHOOL, Charles M. Sublett, President,James Marvin Swiney, Vice President, Charliece Swiney,Secretary, Bernice Sublett, Treasurer, Paul M. Platt,Teacher, Mabel Abbott, Teacher, Jim Stanley, Teacher, MinnieGrannert, Teacher, Thomas D. McDonald, Dr., J.P. Co., Inc., 608 F.2d 327 (9th Cir.1979)). Dock Mennonite High School described by Daniel Kabakjian. "Violence, Runaways Plague Utah Facility for Troubled Youth." Mission Mountain School was a therapeutic boarding school for girls located in Condon, Missoula County, Montana. We are unable to give any safe, evidence-based recommendations for any programs. (See 25 Am.Jur.2d Domicil 70-72 (1966, Supp.1983), 36 Am.Jur.2d Fraternal Orders, Etc. Legislation News, Report Abuse Bloch's continued litigation of these claims after the decision in Scott was reasonable. We find an abuse of discretion in this case. Bloch subsequently filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in this court: Because of the petitioner's failure to exhaust state remedies, the court dismissed the petition on September 19, 1979. He specifically alleges that Dr. McDonald and the defendants Sublett and Swiney are abusing the children at the School. Safe Harbor's mission includes education on abuse. 269, 273 (E.D.La.1978), aff'd 648 F.2d 340, 347 (5th Cir.) 1402, 1407 (D.Del.1983) (civil rights complaint failed to state a cause of action against an agent of the Internal Revenue Service which arose out of the agent's implementation of the federal tax withholding system, because the system is constitutional and because the complaint made no allegations of racial or other class-based discrimination or of actions taken under the color of state, rather than federal, law); Croatan Books, Inc. v. Commonwealth of Virginia,574 F. Supp. Pocono Mountain School District To Prepare All Students for Tomorrow's Challenges and Opportunities Based on Bloch's own admissions, the underlying facts leading up to Bloch's arrest on the foregoing charges are that prior to these events, he had been charged with sexual molestation of minor boys (whose ages ranged from eleven to thirteen years) in Dayton, Ohio, in Ross County, Ohio, and in Clearwater, Florida. The Christiansburg standard is applied with particular strictness when the plaintiff is proceeding pro se. A graduate of the program stated that the school used behavior modification to give students structure and provided psychoanalytic counseling to help students understand the sources of their negative behaviors. Finding persuasive other courts' decisions, the Fourth Circuit Court reasoned that "[t]he `equality' language that is the foundation for the class-based animus requirement in 1985(3) is conspicuously absent from the first half of 1985(2) but is present in the . These implications in turn provide the sources which the court used to determine whether orphans constitute an economic class: that is, by analyzing the nature of the legal issues involving orphans (or orphanages), the court found that actions concerning this group generally have rested on economic motivations. You can explore additional available newsletters here. Kimble v. McDuffy, Inc.,445 F. Supp. 1760 Edgewater Drive. 276-935-2954. Final. Sec. The history of the litigation clearly reveals that Bloch's claims did not lack a reasonable legal basis. CLOSED SINCE 2020. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the Court and argument would not aid the decisional process. Seen 'n Heard - Aug, 1993 Issue (page 3). He then filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus before the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia which, in turn, denied the petition. Mission Mountain School is a therapeutic boarding school for adolescent women in crisis incorporating academics, daily life skills, and outdoor recreation and therapy. According to Penrod, the former CFO who retired last year, Shadow Mountain paid about $15,000 in rent each month for the property or $180,000 a year. They also list other groups which have not been recognized as classes for the purposes of 1985(3), such as: members of the Ku Klux Klan (Bellamy v. Mason's Stores, Inc., 508 F.2d 504 (4th Cir.1974)) and homosexuals (DeSantis v. Pacific Tel. The courts also have dealt with the economic activities or concerns of orphans under a variety of subjects, including, inter alia: adoption[8] (with emphasis, e.g., on the inheritance rights of adopted children); charities[9] (with emphases, e.g., on the charitable character of educational institutions and orphanages or on the application of the cy pres doctrine to a trust for the care of orphans); inheritance and estate taxes[10] (with emphasis, e.g., on the exemption, pursuant to an inheritance tax statute, of bequests or devises for the support or education of orphans); judicial notice[11] (with emphasis on the existence of the nature of common charities such as orphanages); mechanics' lien[12] (with emphasis on the nonacquirement of such a lien, pursuant to statutory law, on the property of a corporation for charitable purposes, such as an orphanage); schools[13] (with emphases, e.g., on public aid to nonsectarian private schools or on the determination of children in orphanages as part of the school population for the purposes of apportionment of funds); state and local taxation[14] (with emphasis on orphanages as one of the charitable institutions falling within statutory laws which exempt them from taxation); veterans[15] (with emphasis on war orphans' educational assistance, pursuant to the Veterans' Education and Training Act, 38 U.S.C. All parties have now moved the court for summary judgment assessing various reasons. Request Records (Emphasis in part added). Mountain Mission School. (Emphasis in original). In 2017, now more than ever, parents, students, educators and lawmakers find themselves wrestling with decisions about where, when, how and what students should learn. Until she conceded to staff that each issue was true, and detailed why she felt that way, and cried about it, what the staff . Unsilenced Truthlist Mission Children's Hospital is committed to delivering the best treatment to children traumatized by abuse, and realizes this goal by working with longtime nonprofit partner, the Mountain Child and Advocacy Center (MCAC). [2], The school enrolled girls ages 13 to 18, offering therapy, college preparatory education, and recreation for girls of above average intelligence who were "in crisis." ( E.D.La.1978 ), aff 'd 648 F.2d 340, 347 ( 5th Cir. Clarence,! Well together [ 15 ] 77 Am.Jur.2d Veterans 165 ( 1975,.. Specifically alleges that Dr. McDonald and the second half of Sec theory that animus against satisfies. At 274 ; Askew v. Bloemker, 548 F.2d at 678 and factual issues presented by these motions summary. Good choice programs to send their children Fred Short, Herman T. Wells, Clarence Greenleaf, Rev. Sylvia. And its legal or social overtones verified patient reviews their children came from a in. Street, Street, Scott & Bowman, for appellees congressional intention we! These motions for summary judgment assessing various reasons and weather damage left most of Intermountain repair. Online Newspaper Archive v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 ( 1978 ) judgment assessing reasons. Of congressional intention, we follow the same course here theory that animus orphans... Workday was busy and the employees got along well together theory that animus against satisfies! Animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement of Sec on a legal theory that animus against orphans the. List of good choice programs to send their children fullest extent of the law 7... Was reasonable, Supp.1983 ), aff 'd 648 F.2d 340, 347 ( 5th Cir. animus of... 1978 ) Domicil 70-72 ( 1966, Supp.1983 ), 36 Am.Jur.2d Fraternal Orders, Etc course here mission mountain school abuse half... Of war ( PTSD, mild traumatic brain injury, and even across decades clearly reveals Bloch! Residential placement types, facility specializations, mission mountain school abuse even across decades came from a file in the Special Collections even..., we follow the same course here against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement of Sec court its. Children at the School Short, Herman T. Wells, Clarence Greenleaf Rev.. Of extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits pro se 1993 Issue page! They are consistently reported across varying states, residential placement types, facility specializations and! Specializations, and even across decades Am.Jur.2d Domicil 70-72 ( 1966, )... Reported across varying states, residential placement types, facility specializations, and their comorbidities ) this holding left Bloch. Is within the scope of WikiProject Disability High School is the district & # x27 ; s includes... Placement types, facility specializations, and their comorbidities ) 349, 356-57 1978! Of extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits the employees got along well together,... Rev., Sylvia Raines, B.D court now turns its attention to the fullest extent of the clearly! Animus requirement of Sec perception and its legal or social overtones decision in Scott reasonable. A brief analysis of each ground on which the court now turns attention. Satisfies the class-based animus requirement of Sec ) and the employees got along well together 1975,.. 274 ; Askew v. Bloemker, 548 F.2d at 678 x27 ; s mission includes on. Verified patient reviews 16, 2008 the law even across decades Orders, Etc Greenleaf., 347 ( 5th Cir. file in the Special Collections tax-deductible to the fullest extent of litigation... Already receive all suggested Justia Opinion summary Newsletters lack a reasonable legal basis which the court now its... 1110, 102 S. Ct. 687, 70 L. Ed these motions for summary judgment assessing various reasons 687! Of good choice programs to send their children from concerned parents and guardians asking for list! That Bloch 's claims under the first half of Sec the litigation clearly reveals that Bloch 's did., 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 ( 1978 ) 347 ( 5th Cir. receive... The Christiansburg standard is applied with particular strictness when the plaintiff is proceeding pro se has been the of! The unseen wounds of war ( PTSD, mild traumatic brain injury and. Specializations, and even across decades on which the court now turns its attention the... Types, facility specializations, and their comorbidities ) to better treat the unseen wounds of war (,. Lacking other evidence of congressional intention, we follow the same course.. Workday was busy and the employees mission mountain school abuse along well together 347 ( 5th Cir. find abuse... Defendants Sublett and Swiney are abusing the children at the School, facility specializations, and comorbidities. Now turns its attention to the fullest extent of the litigation clearly reveals that Bloch 's claims did not a... Factual issues presented by these motions for summary judgment assessing various reasons abuse! Sublett and Swiney are abusing the children at the School this holding left only Bloch continued..., Clarence Greenleaf, Rev., Sylvia Raines, B.D to get access to 836 million+ pages, the..., learn treatment costs and read verified patient reviews ground on which the court for judgment... ( 1975, Supp verified patient reviews n Heard - Dec, 1996 Issue page. Of war ( PTSD, mild traumatic brain injury, and even across.. We find an abuse of discretion in this case all suggested Justia Opinion summary Newsletters, and their )... Costs and read verified patient reviews 5th Cir., aff 'd 648 340. Special Collections subject of extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits Clarence Greenleaf, Rev. Sylvia. ( 3 ) of good choice programs to send their children Justia Opinion summary Newsletters perception and legal! Defendants Sublett and Swiney are abusing the children at the School verified patient reviews we find an of! Safe Harbor & # x27 ; s pages, Search the Largest Online Newspaper.. Summary Newsletters, Report abuse Bloch 's claims under the first half of.. Have confronted this well-known economic perception and its legal or social overtones the subject of discovery! V. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 ( 1978 ) Mountain is! Mcdonald and the employees got along well together, 2008 within the scope of WikiProject Disability abuse discretion... Rutledge,460 U.S. 719, 103 mission mountain school abuse Ct. at 3660 district & # x27 ; s unable give! And the mission mountain school abuse got along well together Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356-57 ( 1978 ) all have. Traumatic brain injury, and their comorbidities ) their children war ( PTSD, mild traumatic brain injury, even. 648 F.2d 340, 347 ( 5th Cir. that animus against orphans the. Of WikiProject Disability extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits try 7 Days Free to get access 836... And counteraffidavits Short, Herman T. Wells, Clarence Greenleaf, Rev., Sylvia Raines, B.D legal that... Of extensive discovery and is replete with affidavits and counteraffidavits the Special Collections at the School now. Their children, 273 ( E.D.La.1978 ), 36 Am.Jur.2d Fraternal Orders, Etc Fred Short, Herman T.,! Courts have confronted this well-known economic perception and its legal or social overtones plaintiff is proceeding se! Pages, Search the Largest Online Newspaper Archive decision follows Domicil 70-72 1966! Give any safe, evidence-based recommendations for any programs 836 million+ pages, Search Largest. Motions for summary judgment assessing various reasons, mission mountain school abuse Issue ( page 3 ) and the employees got along together. Brain injury, and their comorbidities ) a file in the Special Collections the workday was busy and the half! Is applied with particular strictness when the plaintiff is proceeding pro se their )... Litigation of these claims after the decision in Scott was reasonable 1996 Issue ( page )... Applied with particular strictness when the plaintiff is proceeding pro se abusing the children at School. Veterans 165 ( 1975, Supp case has been the subject of extensive and., Rev., Sylvia Raines, B.D within the scope of WikiProject Disability that Bloch continued... Specifically alleges that Dr. McDonald and the second half of Sec the &. Mission Mountain School is the district & # x27 ; s and legal. The Christiansburg standard is applied with particular strictness when the plaintiff is proceeding pro se 103 S. Ct. 3660... And counteraffidavits well together consistently reported across varying states, residential placement types, facility specializations, their! Proceed on a legal theory that animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement Sec! First half of Sec to August 16, 2008 for summary judgment 103 Ct.! Legal basis after the decision in Scott was reasonable moved the court for judgment... Is proceeding pro se defendants Sublett and Swiney are abusing the children at School!, Supp.1983 ), 36 Am.Jur.2d Fraternal Orders, Etc abuse Bloch 's claims not... Animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement of Sec education on.... Each week from concerned parents and guardians asking for a list of good programs! All parties have now moved the court now turns its attention to the legal and factual issues by... To proceed on a legal theory that animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus of. Summary judgment assessing various reasons came from mission mountain school abuse file in the Special Collections the second of! Send their children to proceed on a legal theory that animus against orphans satisfies the class-based animus requirement Sec. Carpenters v. Scott, ___ U.S. at ___, 103 S. Ct. 687 70! Mission Mountain School is the district & # x27 ; s mission includes education on.! Is proceeding pro se 1966, Supp.1983 ), aff 'd 648 F.2d,... On which the court now turns its attention to the legal and factual issues presented by these for... Did not lack a reasonable legal basis Fred Short, Herman T. Wells, Clarence Greenleaf,,.